Normal ventilation consists of an equilibrium between air flow through the lungs and perfusion of the lung parenchyma with blood allowing gaseous exchange to occur. Those providing seating systems must consider the physiological effects that occur and compromise between these and the other requirements. The presence of pain can also influence the neurological response to a specific position. For example the presence of an extensor pattern can be helped by the adoption of a flexed position. Seating significantly affects many neurological reflexes. The flexion at the hips of the lower limbs may also lead to problems of renal drainage especially where there is a catheter or other drainage appliance. This may compound existing lung problems for example bronchiectasis, which is not uncommon in these individuals, leading to hypoventilation.Ībdominal compression which can occur with the patient in a flexed position can exacerbate a hiatus hernia, which can be both uncomfortable for the patient and may lead to feeding difficulties. Lung perfusion has been shown to be posture dependent and the imposition of a specific seated position may have profound effects. In the case of severe kyphoscoliosis profound haemodynamic changes may occur. The presence of severe skeletal deformities can significantly alter the physiological responses of the individual to changes in posture. Seating imposes significant effect on the cardiovascular, respiratory, abdominal, renal and neurological systems. Physiological changes occur with change of posture. Physiological considerations in seating C. The International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics (ISPO), is a multi-disciplinary organization comprised of persons who have a professional interest in the clinical, educational and research aspects of prosthetics, orthotics, rehabilitation engineering and related areas.
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